Catástrofes naturales: El Niño
Desde el bienio 1997-98 “El Niño” ha sido noticia frecuente, responsabilizado de múltiples desastres meteorológicos, tales como devastadoras inundaciones, prolongadas e intensas sequías, brotes de tornados o mayor frecuencia de ciclones tropicales. Por ello, no puede extrañar que el gran público impresionado por imágenes dantescas y sobrecogedoras, acabe preguntándose quién ha tenido la ocurrencia de poner ese nombre a un mecanismo, al parecer tan destructivo y ubicuo, con supuestas teleconexiones.
Sin embargo, la denominación no obedece a un rasgo de humor, es tan sólo reflejo de una época: los navegantes, exploradores y conquistadores castellanos llamaron “El niño” a una corriente marina cálida, en general débil, que alcanza el litoral meridional de Ecuador y el septentrional de Perú por Navidad; de ahí el nombre. Dicho nombre costero, al igual que un sector del litoral chileno, está bañado habitualmente por la corriente de Humboldt o del Perú; la contracorriente de “El niño” reemplaza, unos meses, las aguas frías de aquélla. Este calentamiento oceánico no sobrepasa la costa peruana septentrional, y luego, para marzo-abril, retorna la corriente de Humboldt. Así concluye, comúnmente el ciclo anual. Como conclusión inmediata: si a eso se reduce “El Niño”, no cabe achacarle catástrofes meteorológicas en medio mundo; en cambio sí parece que podrían relacionarse con otro fenómeno, el denominado “ENSO” o “ENOS”.
Así pues, el episodio cuyas vastas implicaciones atraen el interés de muchos investigadores no es “El Niño”, sino el conocido por “ENSO” o “ENOS”, donde aquél es mínimo ingrediente de una fase con elevado valor negativo de la Oscilación Austral, en una colosal y compleja interacción océano-atmósfera. En consecuencia, debe llamarse “ENSO” o “ENOS” a este hecho de singular trascendencia; y, a la par, reservar la denominación de “El Niño” a la situación que, por su alta frecuencia y moderadas repercusiones meteorológicas, puede tenerse como común o regular, evitando así una metonimia o transnominación generalizada e inadmisible.
Información relacionada con Catástrofes naturales: El Niño:
- Catástrofes naturales y obras hidráulicas
- Catátrofes naturales: la sequía
- Catástrofes naturales: sequías
- Catástrofes naturales: Tornados
- Catástrofes naturales: Enso o Enos
- Catástrofes naturales: Oscilación Austral
- Catástrofes naturales: ciclones tropicales
- Catástrofes naturales: tsunamis
- Gota fría
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